ÇÏ´ÃÀ» âÁ¶ÇÏ¿© Æì½Ã°í ¶¥°ú ±× ¼Ò»êÀ» º£Çª½Ã¸ç ¶¥ À§¿¡ ¹é¼º¿¡°Ô È£ÈíÀ» ÁÖ½Ã¸ç ¶¥¿¡ ÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ½ÅÀ» Áֽô Çϳª´Ô ¿©È£¿Í²²¼­ À̰°ÀÌ ¸»¾¸ÇÏ½ÃµÇ [»ç 42:5]
âÁ¶ÀÇ ½Åºñ
¼º°æ°ú ±âµ¶±³
³ë¾ÆÀÇ È«¼ö
»ý¸íº¹Á¦¿Í UFO
õ¹®ÇÐ
¹°¸®ÇÐ ¼öÇРȯ°æ
ÁöÁúÇÐ
È­¼®
ÁøÈ­·Ð
ÁøÈ­·ÐÀÇ ÁÖÀå
âÁ¶·Ð
¿¬´ë¹®Á¦
¾ÐµµÀûÀÎ ³ë¾Æ È«¼ö
ÀÇ ÁöÁúÇÐÀû Áõ°Åµé
»ç¶÷°ú °ø·æÀÌ ÇÔ²²
»ì¾Ò´Ù´Â Áõ°Åµé
ºÎÁ¤µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ö½Ê
¾ï³âÀÇ Áö±¸¿¬´ë
Á¤È®¹«¿ÀÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
¸»¾¸ÀÎ ¼º°æ
¸¸¹°¿¡ ±êµç âÁ¶ÁÖ
ÀÇ ´É·Â°ú ½Å¼º
ÁøÈ­¸¦ ºÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â
»ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â È­¼®µé
ÁøÈ­·ÐÀÇ Ç㱸Àû
Áõ°Å¿Í ÁÖÀå
ù ¹æ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ
âÁ¶°úÇÐ ÃßõÀÚ·á
ICR
AiG
Impact Article
CMI
Creation Magazine
Encyclopedia
Technical Journal
CEH
Headlines
CRSQ
Omniology
CSC
Bible.ca
RAE
 
¾ÐµµÀûÀÎ ³ë¾Æ È«¼öÀÇ ÁöÁúÇÐÀû Áõ°Åµé HOME > ÀÚ·á½Ç > ÁÖÁ¦º°
ȲÅä(·Ú½º)ÀÇ ±â¿ø°ú ³ë¾ÆÈ«¼ö, ±×¸®°í ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ºùÇϱâ
(Loess problems)
Michael J. Oard

    ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ³¯¸° ¹Ì»ç(wind-blown silt)·Î ¿©°ÜÁö´Â ȲÅä(loess, ·Ú½º)´Â µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³(uniformitarism) ÁöÁúÇп¡¼­ ¸¹Àº ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ¾ß±â½ÃÄÑ ¿Ô´Ù. ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº °ú°ÅÀÇ ºùÇϱâµé¿¡¼­ ºùÇÏÁÖº¯ ȲÅäÀÇ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸²(missing periglacial loess), À°Áö Ç¥¸éÀÇ ¾à 10%¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¸·´ëÇÑ ¾çÀÇ È²Åä ±Ù¿øÀÇ °á¿©(lack of a source), °ú°Å ºùÇϱâµé¿¡¼­ ħ½ÄµÆ´ø ȲÅäÀÇ °á¿©(lack of eroded loess)°¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ È²Åä°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´ÂÁöµµ µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³ ÁöÁúÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô´Â °ïȤ½º·± ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¿©·¯ ÀÔÀÚ Å©±âÀÇ È¥ÇÕ ÅðÀû¹°ÀÌ Èê·¯°¡¸é¼­ ºÐ·ùµÉ ¶§, ´Ù·®ÀÇ ¹Ì»ç(silt, ½ÇÆ®)°¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù. Àü Áö±¸Àû È«¼ö¿´´ø ³ë¾Æ È«¼ö¿Í È«¼ö ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ºùÇϱâ´Â ȲÅäÀÇ ¸·´ëÇÑ ¾ç°ú ºÐÆ÷¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ À־, º¸´Ù ¼³µæ·Â Àִ ƲÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ´ëÈ«¼öÀÇ ±Ø½ÉÇÑ ³­·ù(turbulence)´Â ¸·´ëÇÑ ·®ÀÇ È²Å並 ¸¸µå´Â µ¥¿¡ ±â¿©ÇßÀ» °ÍÀ̰í, °ÇÁ¶Çß´ø ºùÇϱâÀÇ Åðºù±â µ¿¾È¿¡ ÀçºÐÆ÷(reworked) µÇ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

-------------------------------------------------- -------

   ȲÅä(loess, ·Ú½º)¸¦ ÇÑ ¸¶µð·Î Á¤ÀÇÇϱâ´Â ¾î·ÆÁö¸¸, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ³¯¸°(wind-blown, eolian) ¹Ì»ç(silt)·Î¼­ °£Áֵǰí ÀÖ´Ù.[1] ȲÅä´Â ´ëºÎºÐ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ¼®¿µ ÀÔÀÚ·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Á¾Á¾ ÀûÀº ºñÀ²·Î Á¡Åä¿Í ¸ð·¡°¡ ¹Ì»ç¿Í ¼¯¿©ÀÖ´Ù. ȲÅä´Â ÈçÈ÷ '°íÅä¾ç(paleosols)'°ú ¼öÁ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¯¿©ÀÖ´Ù. °íÅä¾çÀº ÁöÁúÇÐÀû ±â·ÏÀ¸·Î º¸Á¸µÇ¾î Àְųª, Åä¾ç Çü¼º °úÁ¤¿¡ ´õ ÀÌ»ó °ü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â, ±í¼÷ÀÌ ¹¯Çô ÀÖ´Â È­¼®Åä¾çÀ¸·Î °£Áֵǰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.[2] ÀÌÀü¿¡ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ȲÅäÀÇ ¹Ì»ç ÀÔÀÚµéÀº ºùÇÏÀÇ ¸¶¸ð(abrasion)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ À¯·¡Çß´Ù°í ¹Ï±âµµ Çß¾úÁö¸¸, ¿À´Ã³¯ ȲÅä´Â ºùÇÏ ¶Ç´Â ºñºùÇÏÀÇ ±â¿øÀ» ÇÔ²² °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù.[3~6]

ȲÅä´Â ´ë·úÀÇ ÁßÀ§µµ ¹× °íÀ§µµ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» µ¤°í Àִµ¥, À¯·´ÀÇ ´ë¼­¾ç ¿¬¾È µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿Í ¿ìÅ©¶óÀ̳ª·Î ½ºÄ­µð³ªºñ¾Æ ºù»óÀÇ ³²ÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ª¿¡ °ÉÃÄ µÎ²¨¿î º§Æ®¸¦ Çü¼ºÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ Áß¼­ºÎ, ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ« ÀúÁö´ë, ¿ö½ÌÅÏÁÖ ³²µ¿ºÎ, ¾ÆÀÌ´ÙÈ£ µ¿ºÎ, ±×¸®°í Áß±¹ Áߺο¡´Â 440,000km2¿¡ ÀϺδ 300m µÎ²²¿¡ À̸£´Â ¸·´ëÇÑ ·®ÀÇ È²Åä°¡ ½×¿©Á® ÀÖ´Ù.[8] ¼ö¹é¸¸ ¸¶¸®ÀÇ Åк¹¼þÀÌ ¸Å¸Óµåµé°ú ´Ù¸¥ ºùÇϱ⠵¿¹°µéÀÌ ½Ãº£¸®¾Æ, ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«, ij³ª´Ù À¯ÄÜÀÇ ºñ-ºùÇÏ Áö¿ªÀÇ È²Åä¿¡ ´ëºÎºÐ ¸Å¸ôµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.[9] ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ³¯¸° ¹°ÁúµéÀº ±×¸°¶õµå ºùÇÏ Äھ¼­ ºùÇϱ⸦ °¡¸®Å°´Â ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­ ÈçÈ÷ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.[10]

µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³Àû °üÁ¡À¸·Î Á¢±ÙÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡, ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸µéÀÌ ½Ç½ÃµÆÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ȲÅä¿Í °ü·ÃµÇ¾î¼­´Â ¸¹Àº ¹®Á¦Á¡µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¡±½Å»ý´ë Á¦4±â ÁöÁúÇп¡¼­ ȲÅ丸ŭ ¸¹Àº ³íÀïÀ» ºÒ·¯ ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´ø °ÍÀº ÀÏÂïÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.¡±[11]

±×¸² 1. ºùÇϱâÀÇ Á¤Á¡¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø, ÇÑ °Å´ëÇÑ ºùÇÏ È£¼ö¿´´ø ¹ÌÁ¹¶ó È£¼öÀÇ È«¼ö(Lake Missoula flood)·Î Çü¼ºµÈ ¹ö¸µ°¨ ij´Ï¾ð(Burlingame Canyon)ÀÇ ¸®µå¸¶ÀÌÆ®(rhythmites). ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â ÁöÃþ ²À´ë±â¿¡ ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ³¯¸° ¹Ì»ç(wind-blown silt)°¡ ¾à 1m µÎ²²·Î ½×¿©Á® ÀÖ´Â °Í¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇ϶ó.


ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ȲÅä ¹®Á¦

µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³·Î ÀÎÇØ »ý°Ü³ª´Â ¹®Á¦Á¡µé Áß °¡Àå ¾î·Á¿î °ÍÀº ¡±ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ȲÅä(missing loess)¡± ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. Çö´ë ÁöÁúÇÐÀÇ ±âÃʰ¡ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³ ÆÐ·¯´ÙÀÓ¿¡¼­´Â °ú°Å¿¡ ¿©·¯ ¹øÀÇ ºùÇϱâµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¸ðµç ºùÇÏÁÖº¯ÀÇ È²ÅäµéÀº ¡±¸¶Áö¸·¡± ºùÇÏÀÛ¿ë ½Ã¿¡ ÆÄ»ýµÈ °Í¸¸ ¹ß°ßµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ±× Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇØ ³íÀÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇÏ·Á´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù :

¡±Áß±¹°ú ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ºùÇÏÁÖº¯ ȲÅä(periglacial loesses)´Â ÁÖ·Î ¸¶Áö¸· È«Àû¼¼ ºùÇÏÀÛ¿ë ½ÃÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¬´ë°¡ Æò°¡µÈ´Ù. ´õ ÃʱâÀÎ Á¦4±â ºùÇÏÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î »ý°Ü³­ ȲÅä´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.... Àß ´Ù·ïÁöÁö ¾Ê°í Àִ ȲÅä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº ¸¶Áö¸· ºùÇϱâ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ȲÅä´Â °ÅÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô °á¿©µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡±[12]

Áß±¹ÀÇ ºùÇÏÁÖº¯ ȲÅä´Â ºñ-ºùÇÏ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù°í º¸´Â Áß±¹ ÁߺÎÀÇ µÎÅÓ°í ±¤´ëÇÑ È²Åä¿Í´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù.[13] Á¦4±â ÁöÁúÇÐÀÚµéÀº 4¹øÀÇ ºùÇϱâ(Ice Age)°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í ÇѶ§ ¹Ï¾úÁö¸¸, ½ÉÇØÅðÀû¹° ÄÚ¾î(cores)¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿©, Áö³­ 250¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È 30¹øÀÌ ³Ñ´Â ºùÇϱⰡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.[14] ÃßÁ¤µÇ´Â ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¸ðµç ºùÇϱâµé µ¿¾È¿¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ȲÅäµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ¾îµð¿¡ Àִ°¡? °¡Àå Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÌ°í °£°áÇÑ Ãß·ÐÀº ÀÌÀü ºùÇϱâµéÀº ¾ø¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÜÁö ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ºùÇϱⰡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. ³»°¡ ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ºùÇϱ⸦ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â 11°¡ÁöÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯µé Áß¿¡¼­, ÀÌ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ȲÅä´Â ±× ÇÑ °¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù.[15]

µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³Àû °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ ¡±ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ȲÅä(missing loess)¡± ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇؿԴÙ. °¡Àå ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº °£ºù±â µ¿¾È¿¡, ¹°°ú ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ȲÅä°¡ ħ½ÄµÇ¾î »ç¶óÁ³±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ¼³¸íÀÌ °¡Áö´Â ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. ¿©·¯ ¹øÀÇ ºùÇϱ⸦ ÃÊ·¡Çß´Ù´Â ¹Ð¶õÄÚºñÄ¡(Milankovitch) ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ÇöÀç Áö±¸´Â °£ºù±â¿¡ ÀÖ°í, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ´ÙÀ½ ºùÇϱâ·Î Á¢¾îµé Áغñ¸¦ Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÀü ȲÅäµéÀÌ °£ºù±â µ¿¾È¿¡ ħ½ÄµÆ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ³²¾ÆÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, ¿Ö '¸¶Áö¸·' ºùÇϱâÀÇ È²Åä´Â »ê¸² ¹úä¿Í ³ó¾÷À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ Ä§½ÄÀÇ °¡¼Ó¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ÇöÀçÀÇ °£ºù±â µ¿¾È¿¡ °ÅÀÇ Ä§½ÄµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ³²¾ÆÀִ°¡ ¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.[16]

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ð¼øµÈ ¿©·¯ ºùÇϱâµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³Àû °á°ú·Î ÀÎÇØ, ¸î¸îÀÇ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÇöÀçÀÇ °£ºù±â´Â ¸ðµç ÀÌÀüÀÇ °£ºù±âµé°ú´Â '´Ù¸£´Ù'°í ´Ü¼øÈ÷ Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÇöÀçÀÇ °£ºù±â°¡ ¸Å¿ì Ưº°Çϴٴ Á¦¾ÈÀº, ÀϺΠÁöÁúÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô »ó»óÇϱ⠾î·Á¿î °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¦¾ÈÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÇöÀçÀÇ ÁöÁúÇÐÀû ÇØ¼®¿¡ ±âÃʰ¡ µÇ´Â µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³ÀÇ ¿ø¸®¸¦ ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

ÃÖ±Ù ÇÑ °¡¼³Àº °¢ ºùÇϱâÀÇ È²ÅäµéÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¡±Àç¼øÈ¯¡± µÈ °ÍÀ̶ó°í Á¦¾ÈÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.[18] ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¿¡ µû¸£¸é, °¢ ºùÇϱâ´Â °£ºù±â µ¿¾È¿¡ ¼Õ½ÇµÇ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ¾à°£¸¸ ¸¹Àº ȲÅ並 »ý¼ºÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ȲÅäÀÇ ¾çÀº ù ¹øÂ° ºùÇÏÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡ À̸£¸é¼­ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿©, ¿À´Ã³¯ µÎÅÍ¿î ȲÅ並 °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌÀü ºùÇϱâÀÇ È²Å並 ÀÒ¾î¹ö·È´Ù(¾ø´Ù)´Â °ÍÀ» ¸¸È¸Çϱâ À§Çؼ­, °¢ ºùÇϱ⠵¿¾È Àüü ·®ÀÇ È²Åä°¡ ÀçºÐÆ÷ µÆ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº µµÀúÈ÷ ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾î º¸ÀδÙ. °Ô´Ù°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î´Â °ËÁõÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø°í, ÀӽùæÆíÀûÀÌ´Ù. ȲÅä Áß ÀϺδ ¹Ì½Ã½ÃÇÇ °è°î°ú °°Àº, °­ÀÇ °è°î¿¡ °¤Çô ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é, ȲÅä°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ °è°î¿¡¼­ ¾Ä°Ü ³ª°¬´Ù°¡ ´Ù½Ã ÀÌ °è°î¿¡ ½×ÀÌ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Â°¡? ¶ÇÇÑ È²Åä°¡ Àç¼øÈ¯ µÉ ¶§¸¶´Ù, Ç×»ó °°Àº À§Ä¡¿¡¼­¸¸ Àç¼øÈ¯µÇ°í, ´ë·ú Àü¿ªÀ¸·Î ÆÛÁ®³ª°¡Áö ¾Ê´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¹«¾ù ¶§¹®Àΰ¡? °­ÇÑ È²Åä ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ´ÜÁö ȲÅä º§Æ® ³»¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀçºÐÆ÷¸¸À» À§Çؼ­ µü ¸ÂÃß¾î ºÒ¾ú´Â°¡? ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸¹Àº ¹®Á¦Á¡µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ ÁÖÀåÀ» ±â°¢½ÃŲ´Ù.


ȲÅä ±Ù¿øÀÇ °á¿©

µÎ ¹øÂ° ¼ö¼ö²²³¢´Â ȲÅäÀÇ ±Ù¿ø(Ãâó)À» ÀÒ¾î¹ö·È´Ù´Â(missing sources) °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ë·úÀÇ È²Åä ·®Àº ºùÇÏÀÇ ¾çº¸´Ù ÈξÀ Å©°í ¸·´ëÇÏ´Ù. ȲÅä´Â Áö±¸ Ç¥¸éÀÇ 10%¸¦ µÚµ¤°í ÀÖ´Ù.[19] ÀÌ ¹Ì»çµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ¾îµð¿¡¼­ ±â¿øÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¾î¶»°Ô ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Â°¡? ȲÅäÀÇ ±Ù¿ø°ú ħ½ÄÀº ¼³¸íµÇ±â ¾î·Æ´Ù :

¡±È²Åä´Â ¾îµð¿¡¼­ ¿Ô´Â°¡?¡±´Â Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø Áú¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ´Ù¸¥ Áú¹®ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¡±Ä§½ÄµÈ ȲÅä´Â ¸ðµÎ ¾îµð·Î °¬´Â°¡?¡±[17]

ȲÅäÀÇ ±â¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖµÈ ¹®Á¦Á¡ Áß Çϳª´Â, È­¼º¾Ï°ú º¯¼º¾ÏÀÇ ¼®¿µÀº ´ë·« 700¥ìmÀÇ Æò±Õ ÀÔÀÚ Å©±â¸¦ °®°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¼â¾ÏÁúÀÇ ¼®¿µÀº 60¥ìmÀÇ ÀÔÀÚ Å©±â¸¦ °®´Â´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù.[20] ¸ð·¡(sand)¿Í ¹Ì»ç(silt)¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇÏ´Â ÀÔÀÚ Å©±â´Â 63¥ìmÀε¥, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ È²Åä´Â 20~50¥ìmÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ȲÅä°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´ÂÁö¸¦ ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â, ¼®¿µ ÀÔÀÚÀÇ Å©±â°¡ ±Ù¿ø¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ 90%³ª ÁÙ¾îµç °ÍÀ» ¼³¸íÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´ø °ÍÀϱî?

ȲÅäÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀ¸·Î´Â Å©°Ô 4°¡Áö°¡ Á¦¾ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù : 1)¶ß°Å¿î »ç¸·, 2)Ãß¿î »ç¸·, 3)ºùÇϱ⸻ ÇØ¼ö¸é »ó½ÂÀ¸·Î µÚµ¤¿´´ø ¹°¿¡ ¼öÀåµÈ ±Ù¿øµé, 4)ºùÇÏÀÇ ºÐ¼â¹°.[21] ÀÌ ¸ðµç ±Ù¿øµéÀº Áú¹®À» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù. ¸ÕÀú ¶ß°Ì°Å³ª Â÷°¡¿î »ç¸·Àº ¸¹Àº ·®ÀÇ È²Å並 »ý¼ºÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¹Àº ȲÅä º§Æ®µéÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼­ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø ³»·ú¿¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ȲÅäÀÇ ±â¿øÀ» ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡´Â ¼öÁßÀÎ ´ë·úºØ°ú °ü·Ã½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.[22]

¶ÇÇÑ È²Åä´Â ºùÇÏ ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ ºÐ¼â(subglacial grinding)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ »ý¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù°í Á¦¾ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ȲÅä´Â ÇöÀç ¶Ç´Â °ú°Å¿¡, ºùÇÏ ¶Ç´Â ºù»ó¿¡¼­ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø, ºÏºÎ Æ¢´ÏÁö, ³ªÀÌÁö¸®¾Æ ºÏºÎ, À̽º¶ó¿¤, »ç¿ìµð¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ¿Í °°Àº Áö¿ª¿¡¼­µµ ¹ß°ßµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.[23] ¼Ò·®ÀÇ È²Åä°¡ »çÇ϶ó »ç¸·¿¡¼­µµ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ´õ±º´Ù³ª, ½ÇÇèÀº ºùÇÏÀÇ ºÐ¼â°¡ ¸¹Àº ¹Ì»ç¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³»Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.[3, 5] ¶ÇÇÑ ½ÇÁ¦ °üÃø¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­µµ ÇöÀçÀÇ ºùÇÏ ¾ÕÀ̳ª ¿·¿¡¼­ ȲÅä°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¸¸µé¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÅðÀûµÇÁöµµ ¾Ê´Â´Ù.[21] µû¶ó¼­ ºùÇÏ ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ ºÐ¼â·Î ÀÎÇÑ È²ÅäÀÇ »ý¼ºÀº ¸·´ëÇÑ ¾çÀÇ È²Åä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÇÇà °¡´ÉÇÑ ±Ù¿øÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖµÉ ¼ö ¾ø¾î º¸ÀδÙ.


ħ½ÄµÈ ȲÅä´Â ¾îµð¿¡ Àִ°¡?

¼¼ ¹øÂ° ¹®Á¦´Â ħ½ÄµÈ ȲÅäÀÇ °á¿© ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· Àο빮¿¡¼­, ¹«½ÃµÆ´ø ÇÑ °¡Áö ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ¿©·¯ ¹øÀÇ ºùÇϱ⿡ ºÎ¿©ÇسõÀº ¼ö¹é¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È¿¡ ħ½ÄµÈ ȲÅäÀÇ À§Ä¡ÀÌ´Ù. ȲÅä´Â ½±°Ô ħ½ÄµÇÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ½ÃÀÛµÇ¸é ¼öÁ÷Àû ħ½ÄÀº ºñ±³Àû ºü¸£°Ô ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù.[16] µû¶ó¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ðµç ºùÇÏÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é, ¸·´ëÇÑ ¾çÀ¸·Î ħ½ÄµÆ´ø ȲÅä°¡ ¾îµò°¡¿¡´Â ÅðÀûµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ë·ú¿¡¼­ À̵é ÀçºÐÆ÷µÈ ȲÅä´Â °ÅÀÇ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ȲÅäó·³, ħ½ÄµÈ ȲÅäµµ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Áß±¹ÀÇ È²Åä¿Í °°Àº ȲÅä´Â °ÅÀÇ Ä§½ÄÀÌ ÀϾ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

ȲÅä´Â ¸Å¿ì Àþ°í, ÀþÀº Áö±¸ ½Ã°£ Ʋ°ú ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ºùÇϱâ¿Í Àß ¾î¿ï¸°´Ù.

¿À´Ã³¯ ÅðÀûµÇ¾î Àִ ȲÅä¿¡¼­ ħ½ÄÀÇ °á¿©¿Í, ¼ö¹é¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È ħ½ÄµÆÀ» ȲÅä°¡ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â »ç½Ç µîÀº ¼ö¹é¸¸ ³âÀ̶ó´Â ¿¬´ë°¡ »ó»ó¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ȲÅä´Â ¸Å¿ì Àþ°í, ÀþÀº Áö±¸ÀÇ ½Ã°£ Ʋ°ú, ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ºùÇϱâ¿Í Àß ¾î¿ï¸°´Ù.


ȲÅä´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Â°¡?

³Ý°, ȲÅä´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Â°¡? ºùÇÏÀÇ ºÐ¼â(glacial grinding) ¿Ü¿¡µµ, ȲÅäÀÇ Çü¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ Á¦¾ÈµÆ´ø ¸î °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ¸·Î´Â ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸¶¸ð(wind abrasion), dzȭ(weathering), ¼­¸´¹ßdzȭ(frost weathering), ¿°Ç³È­(salt weathering), ¹°È帧¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸¶¸ð(fluvial abrasion) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹Ì»ç ÀÔÀÚÀÇ Çü¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÇÇè¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, È¥ÇÕµÈ ÅðÀû¹° ÀÔÀÚµéÀÇ ¹° È帧¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸¶¸ð¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí, ´Ù¸¥ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòµéÀº ¸Å¿ì ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀ̰ųª, ³Ê¹« ´À¸®´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÇ¾ú´Ù.

¡±È帣´Â ¹°¿¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸ð·¡µé¸¸ ±¼·¯°£´Ù¸é, ºÐ¼â(comminution) ¶Ç´Â ¹Ì»ç Çü¼ºÀº °ÅÀÇ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù... ±×·¯³ª °Ý·ÄÇÑ °í¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¹° È帧 ½Ã¿¡, ÀÚ°¥ Å©±âÀÇ µ¹ºÎÅÍ ¿©·¯ Å©±âÀÇ ÀÔÀÚµéÀÌ È¥ÇյǾî Èê·¯°¡´Â ½Ã¹Ä·¹À̼ǿ¡¼­, ¼­·Î ºÎµúÄ¡´Â ÀÔÀÚµéÀº ºü¸£°Ô ºÐ¼âµÇ¾î, ÀÔÀÚ Å©±âÀÇ °¨¼Ò°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù.¡±[24]

¹Ì»çÀÇ ¾ç°ú ±×°ÍÀ» ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥¸¦ ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÏ¿©, ¿©·¯ Å©±âÀÇ ÀÔÀÚµé·Î È¥ÇÕµÈ ÅðÀû¹°ÀÌ ºü¸£°Ô Èê·¯°¡´Â ¹° È帧¿¡¼­, ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ ¹Ì»ç°¡ ºü¸£°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸¶¸ð´Â ¸Å¿ì ±ä ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É·È´Ù.[25]


ÇØ°áÃ¥À¸·Î ³ë¾Æ È«¼ö¿Í ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ºùÇϱâ

Àü Áö±¸Àû È«¼ö¿Í È«¼ö ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ÃÊ·¡µÈ ºùÇϱâ´Â ȲÅä¿¡¼­ °üÃøµÇ´Â »çÇ×µéÀ» Àß ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ȲÅä°¡ ºùÇÏ ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ ºÐ¼â³ª, È«¼ö ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòµéÀ» ÅëÇØ¼­ ¸¸µé¾îÁö±â¿¡´Â ÃæºÐÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾ø´Â °Í °°´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Áß±¹ ȲÅäÀÇ ¸·´ëÇÑ ·®ÀÇ ºñ-ºùÇÏÀÛ¿ë ¹Ì»çµéÀº µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³Àû ½Ã°£ ƲÀÎ 260¸¸ ³â ³»·Î´Â Àß ¼³¸íµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

¡±Áß±¹ ȲÅä °í¿ø¿¡ Áö³­ 260¸¸ ³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ¸·´ëÇÑ ·®ÀÇ ¼®¿µ ¿ì¼¼ÀÇ ¹Ì»ç °ø±ÞÀº ÂüÀ¸·Î Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.¡±[26]

Áß±¹ÀÇ È²Åä ÅðÀû¹°ÀÌ È«¼ö ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ Çü¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í »ó»óÇϱâ´Â Èûµé´Ù.

µû¶ó¼­ ¸·´ëÇÑ ·®ÀÇ µÎÅÍ¿î 'ȲÅä'¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÈξÀ ´õ ÁÁÀº °¡´É¼ºÀº, Àü Áö±¸Àû È«¼ö µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ±Ø½ÉÇÑ ³­·ù(extreme turbulence)¸¦ µ¿¹ÝÇÑ °Ý·ÄÇÑ ¹° È帧¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸¶¸ðÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¸·´ëÇÑ ·®ÀÇ ¹Ì»ç¸¦ »ý¼ºÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ ¾Ï¼® ħ½ÄÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀû ȯ°æÀ» Á¦°øÇß´Ù. Àü Áö±¸Àû ´ëÈ«¼ö´Â ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇß´ø, È¥ÇÕµÈ Å©±âÀÇ ÀÔÀÚµéÀÇ ÅÒºí·¯ ½ÇÇè(tumbler experiment)°ú À¯»çÇϰÔ, °­·ÂÇÑ ¹° È帧À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÀÔÀÚµéÀÇ ¸¶¸ð¸¦ À¯¹ßÇß´ø ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ¸·Î¼­ ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çß´Ù.

¸·´ëÇÑ ·®ÀÇ µÎÅÍ¿î 'ȲÅä'¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÈξÀ ´õ ÁÁÀº °¡´É¼ºÀº Àü Áö±¸Àû È«¼ö µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ±Ø½ÉÇÑ ³­·ù(extreme turbulence)¸¦ µ¿¹ÝÇÑ °Ý·ÄÇÑ ¹° È帧¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸¶¸ðÀÌ´Ù.

Àü Áö±¸Àû È«¼ö´Â ¾Ï¼®±â·Ï¿¡¼­ °üÂûµÇ´Â ~75%ÀÇ ¹Ì»ç¸¦ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ´Â µÎÅÍ¿î ½ÇÆ®¾Ï(siltstone)°ú ¼ÎÀÏ(shale)À» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ÀÔÀÚµéÀÇ ±â¿øÀ» ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Ï¼® ±â·Ï¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ¸ðµç ¹Ì»çµéÀÇ Çü¼º°ú ºÐ·ù(sorting, ÀÔÀÚµéÀÇ ¹«°Ô Å©±â µî¿¡ µû¶ó ³ª´µ¾îÁø ) ÅðÀûµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Çö»óÀº µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³¿¡¼­´Â ¼³¸íÇÏ±â ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Á¿î ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.[27] ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ½ÇÆ®¾Ï ÁöÃþÀº ±× µÎ²²°¡ ¹«·Á Æò±Õ 300mÀÌ´Ù.[28]

È«¼ö¹°ÀÌ ¹°·¯°¡¸é¼­, ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ ¹Ì»ç¸¦ °¡Áø ÁøÈë(mud)Àº È«¼ö Èı⿡ ¹° È帧 ¼Óµµ°¡ ³·¾ÆÁ³´ø, Á¤Ã¼µÈ ¹°(slackwater, °Ô·ù)ÀÌ ÀÖ´ø Áö¿ª¿¡ ÅðÀûµÇ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÁøÈëÀº ¿©·¯ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ È«¼ö ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ÁöÇ¥¸é¿¡ ³²°ÜÁ³À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÆÈ·ç½º ¹Ì»ç(Palouse silt)ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ±×·¯ÇÑ °Ô·ù Áö¿ªÀº ¿ö½ÌÅÏ ÁÖ¿Í ¿À·¹°ï ¼­ºÎÀÇ Ä³½ºÄÉÀÌµå »ê¸ÆÀÇ À¶±â·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ³À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °­·ÂÇÑ ºùÇÏ±â ÆøÇ³Àº ÁøÈëÃþÀÇ »ó´Ü ºÎºÐ¿¡ ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ³¯¸° ÅðÀû¹°À» ÀçºÐÆ÷½ÃÄ×À» °ÍÀ̰í, ±Ù¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ È²ÅäµéÀ» ÇÏ·ù·Î ¿î¹ÝÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

È«¼ö ¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸¶¸ð´Â ȲÅäÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â, ¸Å¿ì ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ °¡´É¼º ³ôÀº ¼³¸íÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀº ÀþÀº Áö±¸ÀÇ ½Ã°£ Ʋ ³»¿¡¼­ ÀÛµ¿µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¿À·¡µÈ ¿¬´ë¸¦ ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Â Çö´ëÀÇ µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³Àû ÁöÁúÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼­´Â ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸ðµ¨ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ø·¡ÀÇ È«¼ö°¡ Ç¥¸é ¹Ì»çÀÇ ÅðÀû¿¡ °ü¿©ÇßÀ½À» ¾Ï½ÃÇÏ´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº Áõ°ÅµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯ Áß Çϳª´Â ¹°ÀÌ ¾î¶² ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ ¹Ì»çÀÇ ¼ö¼Û °úÁ¤¿¡ °ü¿©Çß´ø °Íó·³ º¸Àδٴ °ÍÀÌ´Ù :

¡±½ÇÁ¦·Î ȲÅä¿Í °°Àº ¸¹Àº ÅðÀû¹°µéÀÌ ¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¿î¹ÝµÈ °Íó·³ º¸À̸ç, ÀÌÀü ÇÔ¸ôºÎÀ§¿¡ ÃàÀûµÈ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸¹Àº ·®ÀÇ ÅðÀû¹°Àº ¾èÀº ¹°¿õµ¢À̳ª È£¼ö¿¡¼­ Á¤Ã¼µÇ¸é¼­ °¡¶ó¾É¾Æ Çü¼ºµÈ °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ.¡±[16]

¶óÀÌÆ®(Wright)´Â ¾î¶² ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ ¹°ÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀº ÁöÁöÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù :

¡±¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î °¥·¿(Gallet et al.) µîÀÇ È²Åä ÅðÀû¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ÁöÈ­ÇÐ ¹× µ¿À§¿ø¼Ò ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé(1998), ¸ðµç ȲÅä ÀÔÀÚµéÀº Àû¾îµµ ÇÑ ÁÖ±âÀÇ ¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼ö¼ÛÀ» °æÇèÇßÀ½¿¡ Ʋ¸²¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù.¡±[27]

À§ Àο빮Àº µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³Àû ÆÐ·¯´ÙÀÓ ³»¿¡¼­ ºùÇÏ ¿ëÀ¶¼ö(glacial meltwater)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¿î¹Ýº¸´Ù ´õ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °ÍÀÓÀ» °¡¸®Å°°í ÀÖ´Ù. Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î, ȲÅäÀÇ ÁöÈ­ÇÐÀû Ư¼ºÀº ¼ÎÀÏ(shales, Ç÷¾Ï)ÀÇ ÁöÈ­ÇÐÀû Ư¼º°ú ±¸º°µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Âµ¥, À̰ÍÀº ȲÅä°¡ È«¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ »ý°Ü³µÀ½À» ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í °¥·¿ µîÀº ¸»Çß´Ù.[29]


±×¸² 2. ¿ö½ÌÅÏÁÖ ³²µ¿ºÎÀÇ ¿Ï¸¸ÇÑ ±âº¹ÀÇ ÆÈ·ç½º ȲÅä(Palouse loess). ÀÏ··°Å¸®´Â(rolling) Ư¼ºÀº 'ȲÅä' ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ °­ Çö¹«¾ÏÀÇ º¼·ÏÇÑ(bulbous) Ç¥¸é¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¿øÀεǾú´Ù.

¹ÌÁ¹¶ó È£¼öÀÇ È«¼ö(Lake Missoula flood)¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÒ ¶§, ³ª´Â ºùÇϱâÀÇ ÀýÁ¤±â ÀÌÈÄ, ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹Ì»ç(wind-blown silt)°¡ 1m Á¤µµ µÎ²²·Î ¿ö½ÌÅÏÁÖ µ¿³²ºÎÀÇ ¹ö¸µ°¨ ij´Ï¾ð(Burlingame Canyon)¿¡ ÀÖ´Â È«¼ö ¸®µå¸¶ÀÌÆ®(rhythmites) »óÃþºÎ¿¡ ÅðÀûµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇß´Ù(±×¸² 1). ¹ö¸µ°¨ ij´Ï¾ðÀº µÎÅÍ¿î ÆÈ·ç½º ȲÅä(Palouse loess)°¡ ÅðÀûµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ª ³»¿¡ Àִµ¥, ÆÈ·ç½º ȲÅä´Â 50,000km2 ÀÌ»óÀÇ Áö¿ª¿¡ 2~75m µÎ²²·Î ȲÅä°¡ µ¤¿© ÀÖ´Ù.[31] ±×¸² 2´Â ÀÏ··ÀÌ´Â ÆÈ·ç½º ¹Ì»ç(Palouse silt)ÀÇ »çÁøÀÌ´Ù. ÀÏ··ÀÌ´Â(rolling) Ư¼ºÀº »ç½Ç ¾Æ·¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Â Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ°­ Çö¹«¾Ï¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ±âÀÎÇß´Ù.[32] ºùÇϱâ Ãʱ⿡ ȲÅä ÁöÃþÀº Á¥¾îÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Åðºù±â´Â ÈξÀ ´õ °ÇÁ¶Çß°í, ¸¹Àº ·®ÀÇ ¹Ì»ç°¡ ¹Ù¶÷À¸·Î ¿î¹ÝµÇ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¸ðµç ÆÈ·ç½º ȲÅäµéÀÌ Åðºù±â µ¿¾È °ÇÁ¶ÇÑ ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, 1mº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ¸¹Àº ¹Ì»ç°¡ ¸®µå¸¶ÀÌÆ® À§¿¡ ÅðÀûµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.

¶ÇÇÑ, ¹Ù´Ù»ý¹°ÀÎ ÇØ¸éµ¿¹°ÀÇ °ñÆí(sponge spicules)ÀÌ 'ȲÅä'¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù.[33] ÇØ·Ñµå ÄÚÇÉ(Harold Coffin)Àº ¿ö½ÌÅÏÁÖ ³²µ¿ºÎÀÇ ÆÈ·ç½º ȲÅäÀÇ ¸ðµÎ 19±ºµ¥ Àå¼Ò¿¡¼­, ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼­Ã³·³, ÇØ¸éµ¿¹°ÀÇ °ñÆíµéÀ» ¼öÁýÇß´Ù.[34] ÆÈ·ç½º ¹Ì»çÀÇ ¾Æ·¡ÃþÀº Ãþ¸®¸¦ ÀÌ·ç¸ç, µÕ±Ù ÀÚ°¥µéÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ì»ç ³»ÀÇ ¸î¸î À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.[33]

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áõ°ÅµéÀº ÁöÇ¥¸é À§ÀÇ ¸¹Àº ¹Ì»ç¿Í ¸ð·¡ ÅðÀû¹°ÀÇ ¾Æ·¡ ºÎºÐµéÀº ³ë¾ÆÈ«¼öÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ½Ã±â¿¡ ÅðÀûµÆÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀ» ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹Ì»çµéÀº °ÇÁ¶Çß´ø Åðºù±â¿¡ ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÀçºÐÆ÷(reworking)µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀçºÐÆ÷´Â ȲÅä°¡ ¸î¸î ºùÇÏ±â Æ÷À¯·ùµéÀ» ÇÔÀ¯Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡¼­, È«¼ö/È«¼ö ÈÄ °æ°è(Flood/post-Flood boundary)´Â ȲÅä ±Ù¿ø Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ½Å»ý´ë ¸», Ưº°È÷ ÆÈ·ç½º ȲÅä ¹× Áß±¹ ȲÅä¿Í °°Àº °÷¿¡¼­´Â È«Àû¼¼ Áß±â(mid Pleistocene)ÀÇ Ãʱ⿴À½À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ °æ°è´Â ÈÄ¿¡ ·ÎÀÌ È¦Æ®(Roy Holt)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÁÖÀ嵯´Ù.[35]


Related Articles
'Mr. Ice Age¡± solves woolly mammoth mystery
Mammoth—riddle of the Ice Age
The extinction of the woolly mammoth: was it a quick freeze?
Defining the Flood/post-Flood boundary in sedimentary rocks

The puzzle of disharmonious associations during the Ice Age

Further Reading
Ice Age Questions and Answers

Geology Questions and Answers

References
1. Wright, J.S., ¡®Desert¡¯ loess versus ¡®glacial¡¯ loess: Quartz silt formation, source areas and sediment pathways in the formation of loess deposits, Geomorphology 36:231, 2001.
2. Klevberg, P., Oard, M.J. and Bandy, R., Are paleosols really ancient soils? Creation Research Society Quarterly 40(3):134–149, 2003.
3. Wright, ref. 1, pp. 231–256.
4. Muhs, D.R. and Bettis III, E.A., Geochemical variations in Peoria loess of western Iowa indicate paleowinds of Midcontinental North America during last glaciation, Quaternary Research 53:49–61, 2000.
5. Wright, J., Smith, B. and Whalley, B., Mechanisms of loess-sized quartz silt production and their relative effectiveness: laboratory simulations, Geomorphology 23:15–34, 1998.
6. Smith, B. J., Wright, J. S. and Whalley, W. B., Sources of non-glacial, loess-size quartz silt and the origins of ¡®desert loess¡¯, Earth-Science Reviews 59:1–26, 2002.
7. Busacca, A.J., Begét, J.E., Markewich, H.W., Muhs, D.R., Lancaster, N. and Sweeney, M.R., Eolian sediments; in: Gillespie, A.R., Porter, S.C. and Atwater, B.F., (Eds.), The Quaternary Period in the United States, volume 1, Elsevier, New York, pp. 275–309, 2004.
8. Kohfeld, K.E. and Harrison, S.P., Glacial-interglacial changes in dust deposition on the Chinese Loess Plateau, Quaternary Science Reviews 22:1,859, 2003.
9. Oard, M.J., Frozen in Time: The Woolly Mammoth, the Ice Age, and the Bible, Master Books, Green Forest, AR, 2004.
10. Oard, M.J., The Frozen Record: Examining the Ice Core History of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets, Institute for Creation Research, El Cajon, CA, 2005.
11. Van Loon, A.J., Lost loesses, Earth-Science Reviews 74:309, 2006.
12. Van Loon, ref. 11, pp. 309, 310.
13. Sun, J., Provenance of loess material and formation of loess deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 203:845–859, 2002.
14. Kennett, J., Marine Geology, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, p. 747, 1982.
15. Oard, M.J., An Ice Age Caused by the Genesis Flood, Institute for Creation Research, El Cajon, CA, p. 149, 1990.
16. Van Loon, ref. 11, p. 313.
17. Van Loon, ref. 11, p. 310.
18. Van Loon, ref. 11, pp. 314–315.
19. Wright et al., ref. 5, p. 16.
20. Wright, ref. 1, p. 232.
21. Van Loon, ref. 11, pp. 309–316.
22. Van Loon, ref. 11, p. 312.
23. Wright, ref. 1, p. 233.
24. Wright et al., ref. 5, p. 25.
25. Wright et al., ref. 5, p. 30.
26. Gallet, S., Bor-ming, J., Lanoë, B.V.V., Dia, A. and Rossello, E., Loess geochemistry and its implications for particle origin and composition of the upper continental crust, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 156:158, 1998.
27. Wright, ref. 1, p. 234.
28. Nahon, D. and Trompette, R., Origin of siltstones: glacial grinding versus weathering, Sedimentology 29:32, 1982.
29. Gallet et al., ref. 26, p. 169.
30. Oard, M.J., The Missoula Flood Controversy and the Genesis Flood, Creation Research Society Monograph Number 13, Creation Research Society, Chino Valley, AZ, 2004.
31. Busacca et al., ref. 7, p. 294.
32. Ringe, D., Sub-loess basalt topography in the Palouse Hills, southeastern Washington, GSA Bulletin 81:3049–3060, 1970.
33. Lowry, W.D. and Baldwin, E.M., Late Cenozoic geology of the Lower Columbia River Valley, Oregon and Washington, GSA Bulletin 63:12, 1962.
34. Coffin, H.G., The Miocene/Pleistocene contact in the Columbia Basin: time implications, Origins 53:39–52, 2002.
35. Holt, R.D., Evidence for a late Cainozoic Flood/post-Flood boundary, Journal of Creation 10(1):128–167, 1996.

 

Ãâó : Journal of Creation 21(2):16–19, April 2007
URL : http://creation.com/loess-problems
¹ø¿ªÀÚ : ¹Ìµð¾îÀ§¿øÈ¸

°ü·Ã ÀÚ·á ¸µÅ©:

1. 4200¸¸ ³â µ¿¾È µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ºÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡? : Áß±¹ ȲÅä(loess, ·Ú½º)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »õ·Î¿î µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³Àû ÇØ¼® (Can the Same Winds Blow for 42 Million Years?)
2. À̾ÏÀº ºü¸£°Ô ÅðÀûµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½ÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. (Flumes Zoom in on Mud Rock History)
3. ÁøÈë ÅðÀû ½ÇÇèÀº ¿À·£ ÁöÁúÇÐÀû ½Å³äÀ» µÚ¾þ¾î¹ö·È´Ù. : ÀÌ¾Ï ÅðÀûÃþµéÀÇ ÀÌÀü ¸ðµç ÇØ¼®µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ÀçÆò°¡¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. (Mud experiments overturn long-held geological beliefs : A call for a radical reappraisal of all previous interpretations of mudstone deposits)
4. ºü¸¥ ¹° È帧¿¡¼­ ÅðÀûµÈ ÁøÈë : ÀÌ¾Ï Çü¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ µ¿ÀϰúÁ¤¼³Àû ¼³¸íÀº Ʋ·È´Ù. (As Waters Clear, Scientists Seek to End a Muddy Debate)
5. ¾öû³­ ·®ÀÇ ¿öÆÛ ¸ð·¡´Â Àü Áö±¸Àû È«¼ö¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (The Whopper Sand)
6. ´ë·úÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¿î¹ÝµÈ ¸ð·¡µé : â¼¼±â È«¼öÀÇ ÁöÁúÇÐÀû Áõ°Åµé 4 (Sand Transported Cross Country. Flood Evidence Number 4)
7. È帣´Â ¸ð·¡ (Shifting sands) :¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ÁöÁúÇаú ¼º°æ »çÀÌÀÇ ¸ð¼øÀ» ´Ù·ï¾ß Çϴ°¡?
8. »ç¾Ï ±âµÕµéÀº ¼ö¹é¸¸ ³âÀÇ ¿¬´ë¸¦ ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. (Sand Pillars—Breaking Through Millions of Years)
9. ³ë¾Æ È«¼ö µ¿¾È ÅðÀûµÈ ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ÄÉÀÌÇÁ ¹ÝµµÀÇ »ç¾ÏÃþ (Cape Peninsula sandstones, South Africa, deposited during Noah¡¯s Flood)
10. ³ª¹ÙÈ£ »ç¾ÏÃþ°ú ÃʰŴëÇÑ È«¼ö : ¸·´ëÇÑ ·®ÀÇ ¸ð·¡ ÁöÃþÀº ³ë¾Æ È«¼ö¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (Marketing the Navajo Sandstone)
11. ±×·£µå ij³âÀÇ ÄÚÄÚ´Ï³ë »ç¾ÏÃþÀº dz¼ºÃþÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù! ÁöÁúÁÖ»óµµ 2 : ÄÚÄÚ´Ï³ë »ç±¸µé (The Coconino Sand Dunes)
12. ±Øµµ·Î ¼ø¼öÇÑ »ç¾ÏÀÇ ½Åºñ (The Mystery of the Ultra-pure Sandstones)
13. ºùÇϱ⸦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÑ ³ë¾ÆÀÇ È«¼ö (Setting the Stage for an Ice Age)
14. °í´ëÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ ºù»ê°ú ºùÇϱâ, ±×¸®°í ³ë¾ÆÀÇ È«¼ö (Bible May Solve Colossal Ancient Iceberg Riddle)
15. ¹Ð¶õÄÚºñÄ¡ Áֱ⿡ ÀÇÇÑ ºùÇϱâ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ºÎÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Orbital Ice Age Theory Melts)
16. ¿©·¯ ¹øÀÇ ºùÇϱâ À̷аú ¸ð¼øµÇ´Â ºü¸¥ ºùÇÏ ¼Óµµ. (Speedy Glaciers Trample Multiple Ice-Age Theories)
17. ºùÇϱâ¿Í â¼¼±â È«¼ö (The Ice Age and the Genesis Flood)
18. â¼¼±â È«¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿øÀÎµÈ ºùÇϱâ (An Ice Age Caused by the Genesis Flood)
19. ¸Å¸Óµå - ºùÇϱâÀÇ ¼ö¼ö²²³¢ (Mammoth - Riddle of the Ice Age)
20. ³ë¾Æ È«¼ö µ¿¾È¿¡ ½Ä¹°µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô »ýÁ¸ÇßÀ»±î? (How Did Plants Survive the Flood?)
21. ºü¸£°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁö´Â ¾Ï¼® : ÅðÀû¾ÏÀº ´Ü±â°£ ³»¿¡ Çü¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. (Rapid rock: Unexpected application for hard-rock recipe)
22. ¼®Åº : Àü Áö±¸Àû ´ëÈ«¼öÀÇ ±â³ä¹° (Coal: memorial to the Flood)
23. ±×¸°¶õµå ºù»ó ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÈ 800kmÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ Çù°î : ±×·£µå ij³âº¸´Ù ´õ ±ä Çù°îÀÌ ¼¶¿¡ ³ªÀÖ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â? (Grand Canyon Demoted by New Discovery)
24. ³ë¾ÆÀÇ È«¼ö´Â À¯¼º Ãæµ¹·Î ½Ã¹ßµÇ¾ú´Â°¡? (Did Meteors Trigger Noah¡¯s Flood?)
25. Áö±¸ ±íÀº °÷¿¡ ¾öû³­ ·®ÀÇ ¹°°ú ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ Á¸Àç °¡´É¼º : ¸ÇƲ ÀüÀÌ´ëÀÇ ¸µ¿ì´ÙÀÌÆ® ±¤¹°¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÈ ¹° ºÐÀÚ (Water Deep in Earth's Mantle)
26. »ý¹°Áö¸®ÇÐ, ±×¸®°í Àü Áö±¸Àû È«¼ö. 2ºÎ : È«¼ö ÀÌÈÄ µ¿½Ä¹°µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ ºÐÆ÷Çߴ°¡? (Migration after the Flood. How did plants and animals spread around the world so quickly?)
27. »ý¹°Áö¸®ÇÐ, ±×¸®°í Àü Áö±¸Àû È«¼ö. 1ºÎ : È«¼ö ÀÌÈÄ µ¿½Ä¹°µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ ºÐÆ÷Çߴ°¡? (Migration after the Flood. How did plants and animals spread around the world so quickly?)
28. Áß±¹ÀÇ °è¸², Ä«¸£½ºÆ® »êµé, ±×¸®°í ³ë¾ÆÀÇ È«¼ö (Karst mountains, Guangxi, China, and Noah¡¯s Flood)
29. â¼¼±â È«¼öÀÇ °­·ÂÇÑ Áõ°ÅÀÎ ÆòźÇÑ ÁöÇ¥¸é (It¡¯s plain to see : Flat land surfaces are strong evidence for the Genesis Flood)
30. ´ë·ú¿¡ ¹ß»ýµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ´ë±Ô¸ðÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ Ä§½ÄÀº ´ëÈ«¼ö°¡ ÈÛ¾µ°í °£ Áõ°ÅÀÌ´Ù. (Massive erosion of continents demonstrates Flood runoff)
31. ¾ÆÀ̽½¶õµåÀÇ ¿äÄð»ç¿ì¸£±Û·çÇÁ¸£ ij´Ï¾ðÀº °Å´ëÇÑ È«¼ö·Î ¼öÀÏ ¸¸¿¡ °Ýº¯ÀûÀ¸·Î ÆÄ¿©Á³À½ÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. (A Niagara-Class Waterfall in Days)
32. ÁöÁúÁÖ»óµµ´Â ¸¹Àº ¿¹¿ÜµéÀ» °¡Áö´Â Àü Áö±¸Àû È«¼öÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû ¼ø¼­ÀÌ´Ù. (The geological column is a general Flood order with many exceptions)
33. ³ª¹Ìºñ¾ÆÀÇ Çǽ¬¸®¹ö ij´Ï¾ð°ú ³ë¾ÆÀÇ È«¼ö. (The watery formation of Fish River Canyon in arid Namibia)
34. °Ýº¯Àû »ç°ÇµéÀ» °ú¼ÒÆò°¡ÇؿԴø ÁöÁúÇÐÀÚµé : ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ÆøÇ³¿ì°¡ ¼öõ ³â¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϴ ħ½ÄÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´Ù. (Geologists Have Underestimated Catastrophes)
35. ¾Ï¼® ±â·Ï¿¡¼­ µå·Ó½ºÅæÀÌ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? : µå·Ó½ºÅæÀº ´ëÈ«¼ö¿Í ´õ ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù. (What is the meaning of dropstones in the rock record?)
36. <¸®ºä>¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í ºÏ¹Ì ´ë·ú¿¡ ¼­·Î À¯»çÇÑ °Å´ëÇÑ ÅðÀûÁöÃþµé : ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ Àü Áö±¸Àû È«¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °­·ÂÇÑ Áõ°Å (Reading African Strata)
37. °Å´ëÃþ¿¬¼Óüµé°ú Àü Áö±¸Àû È«¼ö (Grappling with Megasequences)
38. ³ë¾Æ È«¼öÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ°ú ¶ß°Å¿ü´ø ¸ÇƲ (Hot Mantle Initiated Ocean and Flood Beginnings)
39. â¼¼±â È«¼ö¿Í ³ë¾ÆÀÇ ¹æÁÖ »ç½ÇÀΰ¡? Ç㱸Àΰ¡? (2) (The Genesis Flood and Noah¡¯s Ark. Fact or fiction?)
40. â¼¼±â È«¼ö¿Í ³ë¾ÆÀÇ ¹æÁÖ »ç½ÇÀΰ¡? Ç㱸Àΰ¡? (1) (The Genesis Flood and Noah¡¯s Ark. Fact or fiction?)
41. ³²±Ø´ë·úÀÇ ºù»ó ¾Æ·¡¿¡ °Å´ëÇÑ Çù°îµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. (Possible Super-Grand Canyon Found Under Antarctica)
42. ¿µ±¹ ÇØ¾È Àýº®ÀÇ ÀϺΠºØ±«°¡ °¡¸®Å°°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº? : ºü¸¥ ħ½Ä·üÀº âÁ¶¸ðµ¨À» ÁöÁöÇÑ´Ù. (Rapid Erosion Supports Creation Model)
43. ¹ÌÁ¹¶ó È£¼öÀÇ È«¼ö : ³ë¾Æ È«¼öÀÇ ½Ç¸¶¸® (The Lake Missoula flood—clues for the Genesis Flood)
44. ÅðÀûÁöÃþ »çÀÌÀÇ ¡®ÆòźÇÑ °£°Ý¡¯µéÀº ÁøÈ­·ÐÀû À屸ÇÑ ÁöÁú¿¬´ë °³³ä¿¡ µµÀüÇÑ´Ù. (¡®Flat gaps¡¯ in sedimentary rock layers challenge long geologic ages)
45. ÀªÆä³ª ÆÄ¿îµåÀÇ Àå¾öÇÑ ÁöÇü : ³ë¾ÆÀÇ È«¼ö ´ë°Ýº¯Àº À̰ÍÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ¼³¸íÇϴ°¡? (The awesome wonder of Wilpena Pound, Australia. How the cataclysm of Noah¡¯s Flood explains it.)
46. ÁöÇüÇÐÀº ³ë¾Æ È«¼öÀÇ Ç³ºÎÇÑ Áõ°ÅµéÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. : »ê, Æòź¸é, µµ»ó±¸¸ª, Ç¥¼®, ¼ö±Ø, ÇØÀúÇù°îÀÇ ±â¿ø (Geomorphology provides multiple evidences for the global flood)
47. °­ÀÌ »êÀ» ÀÚ¸£°í Áö³ª°¥ ¼ö Àִ°¡? : ³ë¾Æ È«¼öÀÇ ÈÄÅðÇÏ´Â ¹°·Î ÆÄ¿©Áø ¼ö±Øµé (Do rivers erode through mountains? Water gaps are strong evidence for the Genesis Flood)
48. ±×·£µå ij´Ï¾ðÀÇ ±¸ºÒ±¸ºÒÇÑ Çù°î(¶Ç´Â »çÇàõ)Àº ³ë¾Æ È«¼ö¸¦ ºÎÁ¤Çϴ°¡? : ÈÄÅðÇÏ´Â ³ë¾Æ È«¼öÀÇ ¹°·Î ¼³¸íµÇ´Â ¸»±ÁÇù°î. (Horse Shoe Bend, Arizona Carved by the receding waters of Noah¡¯s Flood)
49. ±×·£µå ij³âÀÌ ³ë¾ÆÀÇ È«¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù°í º¸´Â ÀÌÀ¯
50. Àýº® ºØ±«¿Í À屸ÇÑ ¿¬´ë¶ó´Â À§ÇèÇÑ °³³ä : ħ½ÄÀº ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡µµ ºü¸£°Ô ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (A dangerous view)
51. ±×·£µå ij´Ï¾ðÀÇ Çü¼º ±â¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¡°¹°·¯°¡´Â È«¼ö ½Ã³ª¸®¿À¡± 1 (A receding Flood scenario for the origin of the Grand Canyon)
52. ±×·£µå ij´Ï¾ðÀÇ Çü¼º ±â¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¡°¹°·¯°¡´Â È«¼ö ½Ã³ª¸®¿À¡± 2 (A receding Flood scenario for the origin of the Grand Canyon)
 
 
´õ ¸¹Àº È­¼® ½£ÀÌ ³²±Ø¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. (More Fossil Forests F...
ÁøÈ­·ÐÀû ÁöÁúÇÐ À̷еéÀº ½±°Ô ¹øº¹µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. : ½ºÆ®·Î¸¶Åç¶óÀÌÆ®...
µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌ : ÁøÈ­ÀÇ ¿ø·á? (Mut...
ÇϳªÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ¿ìÁÖ : ±× °³³ä...
³²ºÏÀüÀï ½Ã¿¡ »ç³ÉµÈ ÀÍ·æ »çÁø...
Æä·ç »è»çÀ̿͸¸ ¿ä»õÀÇ ¹Ì½ºÅ͸®...
ÀÌÄ« µ¹ÀÇ ÁøÀ§ ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½É...
»ç¶÷°ú °ø·æÀÌ ÇÔ²² »ì¾Ò´Ù´Â Áõ...
»ç¶÷°ú °ø·æÀÌ ÇÔ²² »ì¾Ò´Ù´Â Áõ...
¼º°æ¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ±¸Àý : ...
¼ö½Ê¾ï ³âÀÇ ¿¬´ë¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©¼­´Â...
¾Æ´ã°ú À̺êÀÇ Ç÷¾×ÇüÀº? (It's...
ÁøÈ­·ÐÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â 3,000 ¸íÀÇ ...
¿©¸®°íÀÇ ¼ºº® : °í°íÇÐÀû È®...
<¸®ºä> »ý¹°ÀÇ ÁøÈ­Àû ±â¿øÀÌ ºÒ...
´ÙÀ̾Ƹóµå ³»ÀÇ ¹æ»ç¼ºÅº¼Ò´Â ¼ö...

°úÇнÇÇè ťƼ3
±èÇü±â Àú

°úÇнÇÇè ťƼ2
±èÇü±â Àú

Á¾±³°¡ µÇ¾î¹ö¸° ÁøÈ­¶ó´Â »ó»ó
Á¤ÀçÈÆ Àú

°úÇнÇÇè ťƼ3
±èÇü±â Àú

ºò¹ð°ú 5Â÷¿ø ¿ìÁÖâÁ¶·Ð
±ÇÁøÇõ Àú

¿µÈ­ ¼Ó ÁøÈ­·Ð ¹Ù·ÎÀâ±â
±³°ú¼­ÁøÈ­·Ð°³Á¤ÃßÁøÈ¸ Àú